Savez-vous ce qu’est le big data ? Savez-vous quel en est son but premier et pourquoi ? Depuis le début d’Internet, toutes les données de navigations et autres sont stockées un peu partout dans le monde sur des centaines des serveurs différents et parfois même là où on ne les attend pas. Nous allons voir ensemble à quoi et comment sont utilisées ces données.
Tout d’abord, qu’est-ce que c’est ? L’idée principale du BigData est + ou – comme celle des cookies, c’est-à-dire enregistrer beaucoup de données, le plus possible (d’où sont nom : « Grande données » / « Données importantes » (en français).
Voici un petit tableau expliquant les volumes de données enregistrées dans le monde entier par période.
Période
Volume
… à 2003
5 exabytes (soit 5 millions de To / 5 milliards de Go) sont enregistrées
En 2011
5 EB (exabytes) étaient produits et récoltés en seulement 2 jours
En 2013
5 EB étaient produits et récoltés en seulement 10 minutes
Ce tableau provient du site : Culture-Informatique
Imaginez ce que cela peut représenté, surtout que maintenant, tout le monde possède généralement un smartphone en plus de son ordinateur, qui utilise lui aussi beaucoup de données.
La ou le bigdata est différent des cookies, c’est que les cookies sont des données de navigations web, et peuvent être effacées, contrairement au BigData.
Qu’est-ce que le Big Data enregistre ?
Quelques petits exemple :
Les sites web sur lesquels vous vous rendez
Les applications de votre smartphone
Vos conversations téléphoniques
Les mails que vous recevez
Les recherches que vous effectués
Vos achats sur internet (afin d’avoir vos centre d’intérêts)
Tout ce qui se connecte et utilise internet en soit… ! Vous ne vous en doutez peut-être pas, mais le B.D enregistre également :
Votre GPS
Tous les appareils connectés de votre domicile et / ou bureau
Vos thermostats (s’ils sont possibles à régler à distance)
etc … (tout les appareils utilisant Internet)
Mais quel en est son objectif ?
L’objectif du BigData est de collecter vos données afin de connaître d’avantages le consommateur pour ensuite lui proposer des produits / services adaptés à vos besoins, envies et recherches précédentes.
Comment sont stockées toutes ces données ?
Le stockage d’un tel volume de données est un travail rigoureux. Normalement, pour stocker un volume de données importantes, on utilise des bases de données (COMING SOON). Le problème est que la taille des données est tellement importante actuellement que ce n’était pas possible, il aura fallu penser à changer toute la manière de stockage… Et c’est à ce moment qu’on créa la règles des 5 V :
Volume : Stocker un maximum d’informations
Variété : Stocker beaucoup de données de toute sortes
Vélocité : Avoir un accès rapidement à toutes ces données
Véracité : Les données doivent être vraies
Valeur : Ces données doivent apporter de la valeur On pourrait y ajouter aussi :
Vertu : Ces données respectent les règlementations en vigueur
En conclusion
Nous pouvons dire qu’il est important de faire attention à nos données et à comment elles pourraient être utilisées. Nous ne pouvons malheureusement pas y faire grand chose, contrairement au cookies (C’est quoi les cookies ?)
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